Most times I get a feel for the paint when claying or nanoskinning. Basically, does it marr easily? Before machine work, my indications on unknown hardness qualities is to very carefully take notice of the test section before attempting anything. I then kick in with a least aggressive approach and see how much correction, if any, has occurred. Then, if needed, I gradually notch up the aggression with either pad, product or even machine change. Once i get the test section to just get enough cut down THAT'S the paint response and hardness!
Basically my eye tells me. The trick is to take a very thorough look at the paint BEFORE you start anything fairly aggressive or abrasive. How are the scratches, swirls etc. lined up? Then after what you did..did they change, dimish or not budge.