^^^^^^^Good advice. I was slow on the tree.
Whatever damage you would inflict with the #0000 you could easily polish out with a fine metal polish.
If you are planning on keeping the "barrels" clean from now on, the it may be worth it to you to hit the entire inside with #0000, then polish and then seal them. This is assuming (quite dangerously) that the insides aren't coated however. If they are, you should take a much less aggressive approach for fear of eating off the coating unnecessarily.
One thing you could be fairly certain about though - the parts that are showing rust have either lost their coating, or never had it there.
Another option you have (depending on how bad it bothers you and how clean you want this area to remain) is to clean [#0000] and polish them, then clear coat them with a wheel spray. (eg:
Wurth High Gloss Clear Lacquer Spray) I would trust my wheels to Wurth's products, as any I have ever used from them have been of excellent quality even though they wholesale. Then, protect them (wheel glaze/wax).
Now, what I am about to say is contraband in the world of pro detailing, but I have been surprised by it a few times.
You could try rubbing the said areas with
<cough>Turtle Wax Rubbing or Polishing Compound<cough>. I know, this is considered to be the devil in a can, but for the inside of wheels (or other not so precious
hard parts) I have seen it take rust off and leave a nice [enough] finish behind. You can then perfect the area after that.
Just offering up some ideas. Maybe I didn't answer your question, but hopefully helped in some way.
DLB