Man, have you got your work cut out! A polishing ball might help on the rims but those spokes are gonna have to be done by hand. Doesn't look like they started to seriously pit though.
Dunno what you might find at truck stops, as for more pedestrian products, first thing I would do after claying would be a dose of P21S/S100 polishing soap. It may not be the stoutest thing around but it's easier than most with good results. Repeated applications and work it, work it, work it. The S100 version is found in any Harley shop as well as many metric places.
I've used Meg's Hot Rims Mag & Aluminum polish with good results on cruddy aluminum rims. Lots of black residue, MF gloves are helpful. I recently used Optimum Metal Polish and was astounded that it doesn't produce tons of black gunk. Polishes real decent and finishes great as well. That was the older pink version. The new blue stuff is supposed to be better still.
If you're not getting the results you want go straight for the big gun and try M105.
If after you get the gunk off you see the aluminum is indeed pitted wet sand and polish may be your only recourse depending on what results will satisfy you.
I save all my old athletic socks especially for polishing. Turn 'em inside out and use the nap side and it makes for an excellent polishing cloth.
TL