Why are you replacing the calipers, rotors and pads? Is it because they look bad, or is there actual structural issues in the parts? I've owned cars that had some pretty nasty looking components because of their exposure to all the elements, to include road salt, but they have never had any structural or performance issues. I remember our Toyota's calipers really looked bad after their first winter and I could never get them to look clean again, but they worked fine for another 250K miles. I've had plenty of brake rotors that got pretty rusty around the hub area, but were perfectly sound.
If the are failing that quickly, I'd take a hard look at the quality of the parts too. There is no way any of those components should be failing that quickly despite being subjected to harsh winter conditions. I wouldn't trust them in the summer, let alone the winter.
For a wash routine, I typically wait for the weather to get above/at freezing and simply run it though the touchless with an underbody spray. This works out to be about once a month. The cars do get dirty, but I don't have to worry about water freezing in a place it shouldn't and I've never had any serious corrosion issues; including my daughter's 13 year old Honda Fit.