Paint defects and optical illusions

andres

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If you get a pencil and paper, and you start drawing circles and lines mimicking the motion of orbital polisher, you can always select a section of the paper with concentric circles, as well as other sections where the circles and lines are not necessarily concentric. However, whenever I see pictures of swirls, I always see concentric circles formed around the image of the light source (the sun and/or flash light reflecting off the surface illuminated). In particular, if swirls are scratches on the surface (they are, though), then, we would expect they are fixed in space, and they should not be always concentric to the source light images; in other words, when illuminated, they should be intersecting diagonally some of the rest of the swirl circles. However, if observed, these diagonal scratches will be denominated something different.

I was in a restaurant yesterday, and I noticed the same phenomenon in the table I was setting at, which had been coated with certain epoxy resin some time back, and it was full of scratches. Again, playing with the candle light, I was able to see the so called swirl mark in the manner described above (other deeper scratches also present). Now, I am not aware of any restaurant that uses rotary and/or DA polisher to clean the tables. Long story short, I concluded that what we are experiencing is an optical illusion, in particular, this seems to be related to a the well-known phenomena of electromagnetic wave diffraction (which btw also plays an important aspect in the polishing process and quality testing of mirrors). Other auto detailing defects, as we observe and experience, them, may certainly be related to this and other wave phenomena.

Now, this may well be common knowledge/sense in the detailing community, and as so, my statement is just mere platitude, but I am new to auto detailing, and I may have been thrown off by the definitions of certain paint or clear-coat defects (nothing wrong with them, just going through the learning curve and semantic familiarization). On the other hand, the technological implication may be more relevant; for example, I wonder if anyone uses lenses in order to evaluate how well-polished a surface is after detailing (something Newton invented in the 1700’s).

For sure, there is a lot of physics in this arena, and contrary to what has been mentioned in other topics, quantum mechanics (QM) is not such a far-fetch description of the daily activities of those that make a living out of detailing (they’re constantly dealing with molecular bonding –coating-, polishing or removing matter –breaking molecular bonds- at the microscopic level, friction, heat transfer, etc., etc.). This is real, blue-collar QM in action, whether we admit it or not.
 
very deep analysis here...

seriously i dont mean to poke fun at your thoughts, but when reading your post all i could think of was this...

[ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbvmKzf_wr4]Spirograph Commercial - 1973 - Spiromania - YouTube[/video]

again, please i mean no disrespect, and i dont know why your philosophical analysis of swirls made me think of the spirograph(probably the pencil and paper replicating the orbit of a polisher), but i had to share.
 
I agree, it is an optical illusion but my understanding is the illusion is created by the eye/brain i.e. perception
 
I used the term illusion, but it may be misleading. I believe our observation of the circular pattern is objective (real), but this pattern may be more related to how light diffracts around defects than any circular scratching produced during polishing.
 
I agree... I think we are seeing what is actually there. Although, some defects may not be visible due to the way the light is refracting off of the surface. When looking at heavily swirled paint with a single light source some of the scratches may not reflect light into our eyes and are therefor not perceived to be present. I bet it also has something to do with the way light waves interact with each other, cancelling out some of the defects as the light reflects back off the paint.

Going deeper into the metaphysics side of things it could be argued that we are only seeing the paint defects because we know that they exist. People who have no idea what a "swirl" is literally cannot see them until they are told or otherwise learn of their existence. I'm sure this is why so many people think their car looks great when in actuality it is a swirled out cobweb farm.
 
When light is projected onto the surface of the car, a fraction of it is reflected at the surface, and another fraction is refracted into the clear coat (CC). The reflected light is going to be scattered by any defect and/or impurity at the surface of the CC. The refracted light is going to be affected by impurities, defects, and discontinuities in the index of refraction inside the CC film, and it will be also reflected back at the boundary between the CC and the base color interface. So, the reflected and refracted light may recombine at the observer; however, they will arrive at the observer after traveling different optical paths, and after undergoing a series of phase changes, so that their recombination at the observe may be destructive (they cancel each other, and we don’t see but a black spot, band, or ring) or constructive (they add up, and we can observe a bright spot, band, or ring). The series of bright and dark rings is typical in thin film interference (where the film thickness is a multiple of the wavelength of the incident light; that’s our case).

The picture below shows the Newton’s ring, and in particular, how it is used in the testing of optical lenses (figure a). Here, the plano-convex lens, whose curvature is to be tested, is place on a smooth glass surface. In this configuration, the air gap between the glass and the lens varies in thickness as determined by the curvature of the lens. The pattern in figure (b) is obtained when the lens is ground to a perfectly symmetric curvature; variation from such symmetry will produce a pattern like that in figure (c). Now, assume you start with a good lens, and you verify its symmetry by observing the interference pattern it produces when placed on top of a clean glass (this is your reference or calibration pattern). Next, place the lens on top of a nearly flat portion of your car surface (it could also be the windshield, etc.). Here, the a thickness of the air gap between the surface and the lens is determined by the curvatures of the car surface (plus defects) and that of the lens; you may compare the interference patterns that result at different places along the surface of the car with any previous pattern (including the glass-reference pattern).

View attachment 14422

For sure, this may be impractical or an overkill for many, while for others just the beginning of something more serious. Or at least, it may be a good challenge for professional detailers to show their “maestria”. One way or another, this method may certainly help the purest to determine how the polishing process advances (or deteriorate) when their eyes are insufficient.
 
So, here is the real question:

If swirl marks are just interference fringes and/or rings, then, how can we remove or polish them out similarly to removing/polishing out real scratches?

The answer to this question may also give us significant information to understand why certain defect may be enhanced when coating the surface with EXO or Opti Coat (and by how much, quantitatively speaking, we should polish the surface before application –which, let me say, has nothing to do with their chemistry).
 
I believe that the angle of the light source and the type of the light source determines which scratches are see. It is because some of the scratches catch the light, while others do not, at any given angle. This is mostly true of clearcoat paint, due to the characteristic of facets to reflect light brightly, while the light passes straight through other scratches, making them seem invisible, because the paint is transparent. Without light, you cannot see, and therefore any angles that particularly catch the light will be brighter than the surrounding area.
That said, a perfectly flat surface will only reflect light at a certain angle, and will either appear very bright due to reflecting said light, or will show it's color if the light is at another angle, since there are no facets or scratches in it.


The swirls are real, although their perceived shape is determined by the light and our viewing angle.
 
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