Ok found more info:
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Clear Coat Thickness
Modern clear coat paint finishes are so good today that they lull people into thinking that vehicle paint has protection and shine when in reality there is not really much there, other than the clear coat that has a thickness of 1.5 – 2.0 Mils. 1 mil = 0 .001", 1000th of an inch or 25.4 µ. As a point of reference a sheet of copy paper is 3.5Mil (89 µ) One micron is roughly 1/80th of the thickness of a human hair (hair thickness depends on hair colour/ethnic origin etc)
Most vehicle paint film systems (127 - 178 µ) comprise a Primer coat of 2Mils (50 µ) a Colour coat of 1-2Mils (25 -50 µ) and Clear coat 2-3Mils (50 - 75 µ). Removing more that 0.5 mil (12µ) of clear coat will cause premature paint film failure as UV protection percolates to the top of the clear coat; there is UV protection all the way through the paint, but the majority of it rises to the top with the thinner solvents and particles.
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So we basically have 12 microns of clearcoat to play with safely then you get into clearcoat that has less UV protectants in it according to the article. Doesn't really say how long it would take for paint failure though, just that it would be premature (i.e. if it's 15 years instead of 20 would it matter to most of us?)
Here's some more info that almost answers my earlier questions:
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Without the laser pointer/ tripod trick the guys at OFFYOURMARKS use, its almost impossible to tell exactly how much clear was removed as clear thickness varies so much. Readings a few inches apart could be different. I routinely remove 1-2 microns during a two stage/ three stage polish that doesn't have a lot of deep RDS. That is with orange/green pads and SIP or Power finish/106FF or 85RD.
Using a moderate to light polish; and utilizing a rotary polisher will remove approximately 0.023 Mil (.6µ Microns) from the paint surface (they are many variables such as polish/compound and speed / pressure used that may affect the paint removed) There comes a point when you must judge wither removing a scratch will compromise the clear coat and if so you’ll have to ‘live’ with the imperfection.
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These guys were also talking about putting together a PTG database for cars by year, make and model but I couldn't find it.
This humble researcher therefore concludes that for his given set of parameters:
1. a car that is 2005 or later
2. a softer clearcoat (no ceramic nanomumbojumbo)
3. in the absence of a PTG to take true readings, about 12 microns of clearcoat to play with safely and assuming 1 micron removed per detailing session
I can polish my car once a year for 12 years, wherein I will then be into the remaining 38 microns of clear and flirting with premature clear coat failure but by then I won't care that much anyways...
woo hoo time to go shopping!