jfelbab, so I am going to sound kind of stupid when I ask this question as it might be slightly rhetorical based on your comment but I want to ensure my understanding of this.
I never realized why there was a good vintage and why people were always concerned about the year. This relates to the growing season of the grapes and how well the crop did? Such as if there was a drought and they did not grow well or ripen properly?
What dictates the wine aging well? I thought wine was literally just some smashed up grapes that are left to rot? I figure there is some sort of acid of some sort for preservative properties, is that what allows the wine to age?
Several factors determine a wines ageworthyness. It's about the correct balance of fruit, tannin and acid. The vintner must blend so as to achieve this age worthy ability. The trend for most inexpensive red wine today is to make them immediately approachable.
Wines that make you gums itch have a lot of tannin and usually will age well. Tannin comes from the grape seeds and stems. When the grapes are mashed and left to ferment, the tannin is absorbed into the juice and if the fruit and acid levels are maintained the wine will be good for several years if kept properly. Again, I'd point out that there are literally hundreds of wineries after the consumer and they recognize the majority of wine buyers want to drink it sooner rather than later. Hence, you get a lot of ready to drink wine on the shelves because thats what sells. Usually only expensive wines will age gracefully and actually may improve over time.
I'd suggest before you start putting down wine for the decade, you might want to taste a few aged wines. You might find that it is not something you particularly like. Join a wine club or visit a winery and ask if you can taste some of their library wines. They will usually offer this for a fee.
Another thought, If you going to be in California, Oregon or Washington, contact a few of the wineries and arrange for a private tasting ahead of time.
In CA, I can suggest my favorite wineries to visit.
•Chalone,
Chalone Vineyards located near Monterey/Soledad. They have dynamited caves under the Gavilan mountain range where they age their wine in oak barrels. The aroma of ripening Pinot Noir in those caves is something you will never forget. They may offer barrel tasting if you make pre-arrangements for a visit. You can also buy their stock and as a shareholder receive extra access to the winery.
•Chateau St. Jean,
Chateau St Jean - Home located in Sonoma. This is a gorgeous property as are their wines. My favorite Sonoma winery.
•Domaine Chandon,
Domaine Chandon Wine - Sparkling, Still Red & White Wines is one of Napa's most beautiful estates. They are renowned for bubbly.
•Stags Leap,
Stag's Leap Wine Cellars | A Napa Valley first-growth. Estate-grown Cabernet Sauvignons. is another must see in Napa. They make some serous ageworthy reds.
As of 2010, there are 3,364 wineries in California, growing at around 200 a year, so if you start now, and visited 10 a day, you could maybe visit them all in about a year.