Headlight sealant: spar urethane vs. opti coat 2.0

Optimum's current coatings are for paint which already contains high levels of UV protection; so not much additional is needed. Enter clear plastics...you still have a coating that beads and doesn't allow contamination to stick well, but because the plastic has NO UV other than the factory coat that has worn away or you sanded away during the restoration process there isn't a lot of UV protection when applied to a substrate that has NONE of its own.

So, OC is still there and working, just not effectively as you'd like on these surfaces. The urethane has very high levels of UV inhibitors because it was designed to protect wood and such that had no protection, but it can't handle the chemicals than OC can.

We should have a plastic specific coating ready by SEMA that will permenantly prevent UV degradation on lenses...so stay tuned.
Well Chris, that will be another must have Product from you and the good Dr.
 
As a general rule of thumb, UV coatings have a finite ability to adsorb UV before they break down. The thicker the coating, the more absorption.

I would think the X-pel or similar material would last a long time, but my concerns would be as follows:

1. Unless you have the material in bulk, restoring would require 2 steps; ordering the material, then installing it.

2. You would still need to do all the steps of headlight restoration, except apply the final protective coating. 90% of the labor is spent on the prep before the final coating.

3. With most coatings, they can tolerate sanding scratches at 1500 grit since the coating will fill them in. Not sure about the film.

4. If an extra fine finish is required (for the film) requiring compounds, is there any possibility of residual cmpound interfering with the applied film?

5. When you add up the additional costs of the film and additional labor, would the service sell well enough to justify it?
just sayin'

ray6
 
Could always offer different packages to customer. With price levels based off of average expectancy.
 
Hot Rod-
You might also try changing the mixing ratio of spar to MS. Since the MS evaporates, the less the MS, the thicker the final coating, all other factors being equal.

As a general rule, UV protection lifetime is a function of bulk material. The thicker the material, the longer the lifetime.

I would think the best lifetime for a single coat would be 100% spar, but probably too thick to apply easily. So maybe try 70% spar and 30% MS?

Another factor is the less solvent you thin with, the shorter the cure time, up to a point. Polyurethane (Minwax Spar) cures by oxygen absorption, but is delayed by solvent. So for a proper cure you are waiting for the solvent to evaporate, then absorb oxygen. This is why external heat shortens cure time. It speeds up the solvent evaporation.

This may be good in theory, but there's a point where the coating could be so thick that the surface cures before the underlying part of the coating. This is why many sprayed on coatings refer to a "flash" stage. The flash guarantees the solvent is gone before curing begins, often by UV exposure or applied heat.
ray6
 
Are you talking about a 1-part UV cure sealant, or a 2-part like a 2K clear?

Either. The important factor is that the headlight sealant is formulated specifically for plastic headlights and is scratch resistant (very hard). Hardness (scratch resistance) is associated with durability. For example, compare the durability of hard finishes to soft finishes. An example of hard finishes is glass, granite, chrome, stainless steel, gel coat. These hard finishes offer the very best durability. Now compare soft coatings such as waxes, varnishes, latex, non-catalyzed coatings, soft metals such as nickel and aluminim. Soft finishes become dull much sooner when exposed to the elements. They also lack reistance to scuffs and scratches when put into use. An easy way to test the hardness of a coating is to see if you can scratch it with your fingernail.
 
These hard finishes offer the very best durability. Now compare soft coatings such as waxes, varnishes, latex, non-catalyzed coatings, soft metals such as nickel and aluminim.

I'm not arguing, but nickel is pretty hard :D
 
Headlight Restoration 2.0

I see lots of questions on headlight restoration on this forum relating to which system is best or what's the best product.

I'd like to share some information about headlight restoration. Although I work for a headlight restoration supplies manufacturer, the products my company distributes are not available to the retail public, so you really can't buy these products unless you are in the restoration business, and in any case I'll keep it generic.

History
Starting in 1989, auto manufacturers started switching from glass sealed beam headlights to plastic headlight modules. Part of the change was pressure from the U.S. government on getting rid of the glass. Slow speed collisions with pedestrians were producing extensive injuries not due to the physycal impact per se, but more with cuts from broken glass. Another push was that manufacturers were being pushed to produce greater mileage, which requires streamlining, including headlights.

The plastic used for the outside covers of headlight assemblies is polycarbonate, trade name Lexan (also called bullet proof glass). Polycarbonate is tough and flexible and difficult to break.

Tali lights, turn signals, etc. are made from acrylic. Totally different material. Acrylic is a petroleum based product; polycarbonate is derived from natural gas.

If someone talks about acrylic headlights, be suspicious.

If you hit a piece of acrylic with a hammer it will shatter. If you hit polycarbonate, it will bend, and maybe crack. This is why it is used.

Although polycarbonate is a great material for forming complex shapes like headlights, it has two major faults. First, it will break down with UV exposure. Secondly, it is very porous so any water that gets into the polycarbonate can freeze causing micro cracks.

In order to protect the polycarbonate from moisture and UV exposure, the headlight is coated at the factory with a protective finish. This finish is a sealer, but mostly a UV adsorber. It is applied using closely controlled procedures such as electrostatic, dip, spray, etc. It consists of first a primer then the protective coating.

It is the breakdown of this coating you see as milky or yellow. The coating is doing it's job.

The UV adsorption works by convertying UV light to heat. As the molecules heat up, they eventually break their bonds with other molecules and are no longer connected. This connection is called cross-linking.

A general rule of thumb is that because the UV coating has a finite capacity to adsorb UV, the more coating (thicker) the longer the life. So this brings up an important point. If the new coating you're applying is very thin, how long can it last?

If it's just for your own headlights, there are many kits available from dozens of manufacturers, but almost all suffer from the same issue; they don't offer a real replacement coating to replace the one you removed.

Actual headlight restoration is a two step process; remove the old protective coating and replace it with a new one. The replacement coating is where nearly all D.I.Y kits and over the counter products fail. Without a new permanent coating, all your hard efforts in cleaning off the old coating are wasted time. You'll have to do it again, only this time you're down to the raw polycarbonate and the clean up is harder to do.

Headlights are very thick, about .1 to .25 inches thick depending on size and use. Off road vehicles will have a thicker coating. Some headlights have 3 tips on them that are used for headlight alignment.

When people say they want to do headlight restoration, I first ask, is it for your own use on your own car or do you want to do it as a service for a fee? There is a big difference. If you want to restore your own headlights, you can buy a kit, use toothpaste, rubbing compound, sanding, etc. It's all the same results, get the old coating off. What differs between processes is how long will it take you and how fine a finish will you get?

Will this procedure make your headlights look like new? Probably, if you get all the old coating off and don't leave any sanding scratches (and the headlight was restorable in the first place, no cracks or internal moisture). But here's the problem. You got the old coating off. You either hand sanded, machine sanded, chemically stripped, used compound, toothpaste,grandma's secret salsa recipe, etc. Now what? If you're willing to keep a layer of good quality wax on your headlights and wax after every carwash, your headlights will probably look like new forever. If not, you need something more permanent.

On the otherhand, if you are offering headlight restoration as a service for a fee, the D.I.Y. kits and procedures are a waste of time. Sure, many of the kits will get the coating off, but are nothing more than a box of abrasives and compounds and maybe a drill attachment.

Many include some sort of secret sauce (called a shine restorer, sealer, protectant, UV coating, final coat, etc.) are nothing more than some sort of synthetic wax/polish with a limited lifetime.

Headlight restoration is becoming a huge market. All plastic headlights will deteriorate with time so virtually nearly any car manufactured after 1989 is a potenial customer, even some trucks that use plastic headlights. They will all break down, sooner or later. Since there are over 120 million vehicles in the U.S., you can imagine how big the market is and it is growing each year.

A key point in deteriorating headlights is the unspoken safety issue. Cloudy headlights are a major safety hazard as countless studies have shown.

There is a growing network of "pro" headlight restorers out there. By pro I mean they restore headlights correctly by removing the old coating and replacing it with a new, long lasting one. Products and procedures may differ, but the end results are similar; a like new looking headlight with a real, long lasting protective coating, usually with a warranty of 1 to 3 years. We know this because we sell products to them every day. There aren't many, but the numbers are growing.

The field applied new coating can never match the original, because you can't duplicate the factory coating in the field, and even if you could (primer, cure, coat, cure with UV, IR) it would be cost prohibitive.

The reason you're not familiar with these products is they are not produced for the retail market and aren't available over the counter. If you are interested in restoring headlights as a business, you should consider the following:

Separate headlight restoration into 2 parts; remove the old coating, replace it with a new one.
Removing the old coating-
Can be done with a chemical strip, abrasive, razor blade, or a combination.

Goal: Remove the old coating in the shortst time and at the lowest cost.
Most pros don't use rotary devices like electric drills. They are hard to control and can cause damage. Battery operated drills are the worst because they were never designed for this task. You'll need extra batteries, probably a car charger, etc. so it can get expensive. Instead, pros will hand sand (usually in combination with a chemical stripper) or use a small R/A sander/polisher (3" is best) available from Metabo, Groits and others.
If sanding, abrasive quality does matter. More expensive abrasives are usually cheaper in the long run because they last longer. One of the best is 3M, but overpriced in my opinion. Others are Abralon, Norton, Mirka and Indasa. It may be difficult to buy these products locally, but redily available on the internet.

Applying a new coating-
There are probably 15 to 20 coatings available, all with advantages and disadvantages. It all depends on your application limits, customer expectations, cost and market. Different applications are wipe on or spray on.

All coatings need to be cured after application. This is done in different ways. Some are 2K, curing by chemical reaction, similar to fiberglass resin. Some cure by UV exposure, either from UV lamps or direct sunlight. Many cure by oxygen absorption, such as polyurethanes (MinWax/mineral spirits is an example).

A few manufacturers are Delts Kits, Dvelup, Speedokote, Momentive, Brite Lites, Semtec, Medallion, etc. They each have their pros and cons.

If you want to do headlight restoration as a business, do your research. What's the competition in your area? Do they offer a written guarantee? How much do they charge? A pro job will probably sell for $40-160 depending on the application. Doing multiple cars on a lot is much different than doing a Lexus for a high end detailer.

When someone advertises a restoration for $30-40 and they come to you, I wonder how they make money or are they the buff and run type (sand/polish/add wax/run)?

In choosing a system and product line, you don't have to buy someone's system, although this may help when starting out. But you do have to develop the skill set and get the proper tools.

In considering a process, ask yourself the following questions:

Am I going to be mobile? If so, I must carry a bodacious air compressor to use pneumatic tools such as furnished in #M's pro kit (it also doesn't have a real protective coating). If I'll be sanding with an electric sander, I'll need to carry a generator or an inverter hooked to my vehicles battery. Inverters are problematic because car batteries are not designed for this kind of load. You really need a deep cycle battery like the type used on boats and golf carts.

Does the coating require spraying? If so, I'll have to tape and mask the headlight. If it's windy or dusty, you'll have problems. If it's indoors, like in a shop, I'll need a resperator. Spray coatings are available, but fairly expensive when you consider that that 6 oz. can for $48 really only contains about 2 oz. of usable material; 2 oz. is propellant and spraying is about 50% efficient at best.

Do I need UV lamps to cure? UV lamps are expensive with short lifetimes and will require power. Sunlight may be used, but what about cloudy days?

Will the coating cure fast enough for my customer? If you're doing jobs on a lot you usually aren't concerned with cure time. Some of thebest coatings air cure, but take 30 to 60 min. to cure. Some 2K coatings will cure in less than 5 minutes.

What kind of warranty (if any) will I offer? You beter have a pretty good idea how long your coating will last before issuing a warranty. Your warranty has to be worse case, such as a PT cruiser (horizontal surface) in Florida (strong UV) parked facing south and outside 24/7. In Florida you would probably warrant it for 1 year. In Oregon, with all other factors being equal, it would probably last 5 years.

Referrals-
What most restorers find over time is that a large percentage of new customers come to them by referrals from previous customers. A satisfied customer is your best (and free) salesman.

So, if you've read this far, you are to be congradulated in your interest level.

If you're looking into headlight restoration, your best bet is to start at the keyboard and research. Try different products and procedures. One way to learn your art is to do restorations for free to friends and family. Also consider doing restorations for non-profits such as Goodwill, Salvation Army, etc. You can learn on their cars and deduct your going rate on your taxes. There are additional markets such as government fleets, taxi companies, trucking fleets, etc.

We have a customer that does restorations for all state vehicles in his state including emergency vehicles (like light bars on police, fire and ambulences). These are made of acrylic, but are even easier to restore than polycarbonate.
ray6
 
 
Ray6,

You mention that in Florida a person would probably offer a "1 year warranty". Will your product last longer than 1 year on Florida vehicles? If so, what will the cost be and how would I acquire the product from you to try it out. (I remember you saying a few weeks back that your website wasn't up yet, at that time)
I am in Florida and it is very hard to get any headlights to last much longer than 1 year unless they are well cared for and rarely ever left out in the sun.
 
Ray6,

Thank you for such an interesting article. A boat load of good (and interesting) info there.

An off-topic remark about Lexan: I worked for 20+ years for a large school district. We would replace glass windows (those that were constantly busted out by vandalism) with Lexan. Because of Lexan being so tough, we were required to keep a map of those building that DID have the replacements for use by the fire departments. The stuff really IS that hard to break thru.

Again thanx for the information.

Bill
 
Ray6,

You mention that in Florida a person would probably offer a "1 year warranty". Will your product last longer than 1 year on Florida vehicles? If so, what will the cost be and how would I acquire the product from you to try it out. (I remember you saying a few weeks back that your website wasn't up yet, at that time)
I am in Florida and it is very hard to get any headlights to last much longer than 1 year unless they are well cared for and rarely ever left out in the sun.

We're not quite ready to offer product, so my recommendation would be to use Delta Kits Infinity 4.1 coating (2 coats) for now. It cures in about 4-5 minutes so total dry time is under 10 min. for 2 coats. General consensus is that it should last 2 years, but the product has only been available for about 1 year, but tests and and inputs from other restorers look good.

Our 2K Ultra water based coating is still in test, although we do have other coatings available.

Both of these coatings are very thin, so 2 coats are recommended. Also, as shown in our video, crosswiping will give you better results. Delta recommends using a paper towel for application. We recommend using a foam applicator. The foam gives you a thicker, more consistent coat. The foam will work with either. For more info, send me a PM.
ray6
 
I'm not arguing, but nickel is pretty hard :D

I hear ya, but nickel is still considered a soft metal. For example, it is used in many cheaper eyeglass frames and tends to corrode fast and some people are allergic to the oxidation, so eyeglass shops will recommend harder metals like stainless or titanium frames. The harder the finish, the greater the durability.

In the world of clear coatings, all coatings eventually break down, but the hardest coatings hold their look and resist damage the longest. :xyxthumbs:
 
Optimum's current coatings are for paint which already contains high levels of UV protection; so not much additional is needed. Enter clear plastics...you still have a coating that beads and doesn't allow contamination to stick well, but because the plastic has NO UV other than the factory coat that has worn away or you sanded away during the restoration process there isn't a lot of UV protection when applied to a substrate that has NONE of its own.

So, OC is still there and working, just not effectively as you'd like on these surfaces. The urethane has very high levels of UV inhibitors because it was designed to protect wood and such that had no protection, but it can't handle the chemicals than OC can.

We should have a plastic specific coating ready by SEMA that will permenantly prevent UV degradation on lenses...so stay tuned.

you're twisting my arm to return to vegas.
chris<pixelmonkey>:D
 
Has anyone done a longevity test for Delta Kits "Coat2Protect" coating? I'm wondering how long that lasts. They sell 8oz for $81.00. I'm not sure how many vehicles that amount would do.....and the website doesn't say.
 
I am also curious about the "shelf life" of the above named product and their "Infinity 4.1" product as well. Does anyone know?
 
Optimum's current coatings are for paint which already contains high levels of UV protection; so not much additional is needed. Enter clear plastics...you still have a coating that beads and doesn't allow contamination to stick well, but because the plastic has NO UV other than the factory coat that has worn away or you sanded away during the restoration process there isn't a lot of UV protection when applied to a substrate that has NONE of its own.

So, OC is still there and working, just not effectively as you'd like on these surfaces. The urethane has very high levels of UV inhibitors because it was designed to protect wood and such that had no protection, but it can't handle the chemicals than OC can.

We should have a plastic specific coating ready by SEMA that will permenantly prevent UV degradation on lenses...so stay tuned.

You have my full attention! :props:
 
Has anyone done a longevity test for Delta Kits "Coat2Protect" coating? I'm wondering how long that lasts. They sell 8oz for $81.00. I'm not sure how many vehicles that amount would do.....and the website doesn't say.
I have this. It is actually 2x8oz componants for a total of 16 oz mixed. I used it once, mixed about half an oz and needed about half of it. I would say the quanity should do 35-50 sets of lamps. The setup time was very long, like 3 hours until I released the car. That was about a year and and 3 months ago. It still seems good, I mixed a small amout to verify it will set. Their newer product is supposed to be good to go in 20-30 minutes and comes with a better mixing method.

The set I did here (MI) about a year and 3 months ago still looks as good as the day I did it. I've had a lot more fun with the GlasWeld windshield repair kit I bought this year at Mobil-Tech.
 
first time reading this thread... really terrific. sanding & polishing the headlights are the first step in my repair plans for my girlfriend's 2001 jetta... great tips on this thread! thanks everyone (especially OP)!
 
I have this. It is actually 2x8oz componants for a total of 16 oz mixed. I used it once, mixed about half an oz and needed about half of it. I would say the quanity should do 35-50 sets of lamps. The setup time was very long, like 3 hours until I released the car. That was about a year and and 3 months ago. It still seems good, I mixed a small amout to verify it will set. Their newer product is supposed to be good to go in 20-30 minutes and comes with a better mixing method.

The set I did here (MI) about a year and 3 months ago still looks as good as the day I did it. I've had a lot more fun with the GlasWeld windshield repair kit I bought this year at Mobil-Tech.
I should also point out that the Coat2Protect product while being a two part mix does not act very much like an epoxy. It seems more to air dry, a heat gun or hair dryer really speeds it up. If I recall the instructions called for turning the headlights on for a few minutes to aid the cure.
 
Don't know for sure how long Coat2Protect will last, but because it's a poly, I would think you'll use 5 to 10 ml. per headlight to coat with 1 coat. (1 oz.=30 ml.) depending on the size.

This coating is a 2K , so it's 8 oz. of coating and 8 oz. of activator, so it's 16 oz. total. So, worse case would be 48 headlights for $81, or about 66 cents each.

The thing I don't like with this method is it's applied with paper towels which are wasteful and not consistent. I think you could get a better coating using foam applicators and a small dispensing cup, but just my opinion because I have never personally used this coating.

Since it's a solvent based polyurethane, my guess would be 1 year average lifetime, but only a guess. If you check their forum, you could probably get a better idea of average lifetime.
ray6
 
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